Hypnosis is a technique used to induce a particular state in an individual, during which the person may experience changes in their perception and thought.It is a neurophysiological phenomenon that can be induced by another person or self-induced, involving both the physical and psychological dimensions of the individual. It represents a modification of the state of consciousness, somewhat similar to sleep.
The methods, or hypnosis techniques, are numerous, although the fundamental principle remains the same: different approaches leading to the same result.
Hypnosis has existed since the dawn of humanity; in ancient times, it was used in religious rituals. This association with mysticism has likely contributed to its perception as something linked to the supernatural.
Related to hypnosis is the concept of suggestion (from "to suggest"), which in public opinion often has a negative connotation, particularly in today's commercialized society, filled with all kinds of suggestions.
In the context of hypnosis, suggestion is a tool, and its value depends on how and for what purpose it is used.
During a hypnosis session, an individual may develop (and accept) certain suggestions while rejecting others, responding to their deepest needs. However, if hypnosis relied solely on suggestion and suggestibility, only a small number of people would be hypnotizable (those who are highly suggestible).
It is essential to distinguish between direct and indirect suggestions:
Direct suggestion involves a command appealing to the conscious mind, such as "bring me a glass of water." However, the conscious mind cannot process all types of suggestions effectively.
Indirect suggestions are methods designed to promote and facilitate unconscious responses.
As Milton Erickson put it: "Suggestion does not tell the patient what to do; instead, it explores and facilitates what the patient's response system can autonomously achieve."
This alignment with individual needs is what facilitates or hinders the attainment of a trance and therapeutic goals.
TYPES OF HYPNOSIS
Ericksonian Hypnosis
Milton Erickson, the father of modern hypnosis, believed that hypnosis is a natural state of consciousness experienced by individuals multiple times a day.A common example is driving a car while the mind wanders, yet being able to react immediately in case of danger.
Erickson achieved hypnosis by creating an empathetic connection with the patient, lowering their defenses, and using storytelling to stimulate their imagination, enabling them to find new ways to address their problems.
Hypnosis in Psychotherapy
Hypnosis in psychotherapy is widely applied. It is used to address issues such as depression, stress, anxiety, phobias, eating disorders, smoking cessation, and alcoholism. It is also employed for pain management and personal growth.
Self-Hypnosis
When an individual induces their own hypnotic state, it is referred to as self-hypnosis. This technique can help change negative habits, enhance emotional well-being, and strengthen mental resilience.
Regressive and Progressive Hypnosis
Regressive hypnosis allows individuals to revisit past experiences, while progressive hypnosis focuses on visualizing future goals.
Stage Hypnosis
Used for entertainment purposes, stage hypnosis can be genuine or fake, depending on the methods employed.
Conclusions
Hypnosis, a millennia-old technique, continues to captivate and be a subject of modern research and debate. When used correctly and with an understanding of its limits and potential, it can offer significant benefits for mental health and individual well-being.
 Written by
Dr Elizabeth Moore, Psychologist
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Bibliography
Giuseppe De Benedettis, Camillo Loriedo, Claudio Mammini, NicolinoRago, Trattato di ipnosi. Dai fondamenti teorici alla pratica clinica, Franco Angeli Ed.
Michael D. Yapko, Lavorare con l'ipnosi, Franco Angeli Ed.
Milton Erikson, Ernest Rossi, IpnoTerapia , Ed. Astrolabio
Milton Erikson, Opere, Ed. Astrolabio
Giorgio Nardone, Ipnoterapia senza trance, Ed. Ponte alle Grazie
Mark P. Jensen, Arte e pratica all'induzione ipnotica, Franco Angeli Ed
External resources
If you wish to explore the topic of psychological manipulation further and find relevant articles and studies, consider these important academic and institutional resource
American Psychological Association (APA)Link: American Psychological Association
Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis.Link: Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
British Psychological Society (BPS).Link: British Psychological Society