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Hikikomori: The Phenomenon of Social Withdrawal

Writer's picture: dr.ssa Elizabeth Mooredr.ssa Elizabeth Moore

Persona di spalle seduta a un tavolo con un computer, osservando il tramonto su una città attraverso una finestra, simboleggiando l'isolamento degli hikikomori.

In recent years, the term "hikikomori" has gained increasing attention, becoming emblematic of a phenomenon affecting numerous young people worldwide. But what does it truly mean to be a hikikomori? And why has this behavior of social withdrawal reached such significant proportions, even in Italy?


Who Are the Hikikomori?

The term "hikikomori" originates from Japan and refers to individuals, typically teenagers and young adults, who completely withdraw from the outside world, remaining confined to their homes for extended periods. This behavior is often associated with a rejection of social life, lasting months or even years. While there is no universal clinical definition, the phenomenon is frequently accompanied by symptoms of anxiety, depression, and significant difficulty with social interaction.


Social Withdrawal: Causes and Consequences

The reasons behind this behavior can vary widely. Key factors include:

  1. Social Pressure and Expectations: Many young people feel overwhelmed by academic and professional expectations, creating a cycle of anxiety and isolation.

  2. Traumatic Experiences: Events such as bullying, the loss of a loved one, or family difficulties can drive individuals toward isolation.

  3. Escape from Reality: The online world offers a temporary refuge, distancing young people from real-world challenges and fostering dependency on technology and virtual interactions.

  4. Relational Difficulties: Struggles to form meaningful relationships can lead to progressive isolation, making reintegration into social life increasingly challenging.


Hikikomori in Italy: A Growing Concern

In Italy, the hikikomori phenomenon is attracting growing attention. A 2021 report estimated that around 100,000 Italian youths could be considered hikikomori, with significant growth during the pandemic. Restrictions and social distancing intensified this behavior, leading to an increase in support groups and online communities, such as those on Facebook and Instagram, dedicated to individuals experiencing similar situations.

Initiatives to address the phenomenon include support groups and awareness campaigns, as well as online resources like TikTok pages and forums that aim to create a sense of community among isolated youth.

This phenomenon is closely linked to the rise of "NEETs" (Not in Education, Employment, or Training), a group also seeing significant growth. Both reflect a deeper crisis concerning psychosocial well-being and the ability to navigate the challenges of adulthood.

Without timely and targeted interventions, these young individuals risk being excluded from developmental opportunities, with severe repercussions for their future.


Therapeutic Techniques and Helpful Strategies

  1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This is one of the most common therapeutic approaches for addressing social withdrawal and its associated anxiety. CBT helps individuals recognize and modify dysfunctional thoughts driving isolation while developing essential social skills.

  2. Gradual Exposure: Introducing social situations gradually helps reduce anxiety and build confidence in interactions.

  3. Mindfulness: Awareness techniques can help manage anxiety and increase emotional awareness.

  4. Family Support: Involving the family in the therapeutic process improves relational dynamics and emotional support.


The Need for Awareness

Raising awareness about the hikikomori phenomenon is crucial. Families, educators, and healthcare professionals must be trained to recognize the signs of isolation and intervene promptly.

Early intervention has proven to be one of the most effective tools for preventing isolation from becoming entrenched. Addressing the issue in its early stages reduces the risk of it evolving into more severe and long-lasting forms. Acting before isolation becomes chronic increases the chances of full recovery, improving the individual’s psychological and social well-being.


Conclusions

The hikikomori phenomenon is not merely a matter of isolation but a complex interplay of psychological, social, and cultural factors. In an increasingly connected world, the paradox of social withdrawal presents a significant challenge. Promoting communication, support, and understanding is essential to help young people reintegrate into society.



 Written by

Dr Elizabeth Moore, Psychologist

(consultation only in Italian)

 

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Bibliography

 

-Raffaele Morelli, L’arte di essere felici, 2016, Macro Edizioni.

-Gianluca Gotto, Il potere delle emozioni, 2021, Einaudi.

-Paolo Crepet, Il coraggio di essere felici, 2015, Mondadori.


External resources

If you wish to explore the topic of psychological manipulation further and find relevant articles and studies, consider these important academic and institutional resourc


  1. Ministero della SaluteLink: Ministero della Salute


  2. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT).Link: ISTAT


  3. Journal of Adolescent HealthLink: Journal of Adolescent Health


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